Nature reserves
Problems connected with environmental protection are major problems world-wide now as heretofore. However dependence of human society welfare on biodiversity stability and undamaged state was realized only at the end of ÕÕ century due to understanding that Human being along with other species is a living creature. This led to signing of Convention on biodiversity in Rio de Janeiro in 1993 that was ratified by Russia in 1995.
One of the ways to preserve landscape and biodiversity is to create a system of nature reserves, the number of which amounted to 1,400 worldwide by XXI century. Most of them are situated in the USA, Australia, Russia, Japan and Canada. Nature reserves differ depending on a country but objectives are similar everywhere. The most important one is to protect these nature reserves in order to preserve biodiversity and to maintain them in natural state.
The nature reserves system of a country or a region including the Perm region is to consist of nature reserves of different categories (from natural monuments to reserves) as of key elements of a single whole ecological complex which is resistant to anthropogenic load, is able to prevent irreversible processes in ecosystems and to provide resources conservation.
The creation of the nature reserves system per se began in 1911 when the article called “Protection of natural monuments” was published by P.V. Susev in Reportes of Ural Association of natural science aficionados. And in 1923 he formulated phytogeographical bases of natural reserves definition. But the system as such became more definite only in the 80th.
According to data of 01.12.2001 there are 374 nature reserves approved by legislative bodies in the Perm region including 2 reserves of federal value (the Visherskiy and the Bassegui reserves) 324 nature reserves of regional value (among them are 31 game reserves, 167 natural monuments, 32 historical and natural complexes, 81 protected landscapes, 12 reserves and 1 botanic garden) and 48 ones are of local value (regional and municipal). And more over under the Governor’s decree ¹ 188 of 01.08.2001 20 more nature reserves are planed to be created by 2015 (2 of them at the place of already existing ones). |
